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General characteristics of diamond

Diamond has some of the most extreme physical properties of any material and is the best semiconductor material ever known. Such properties as its radiation and corrosion resistance, large bandgap, high electron and hole mobility make it an attractive semiconductor for ionizing radiation detectors. Diamond is chemically inert and has highest thermal conductivity (5 times higher than copper). Diamond has the highest radiation-damage level among radiation-detector semiconductor materials. Low carbon nucleus charge, Z=6, provides tissue equivalence of diamond detectors. Type IIa diamond is transparent over an extremely wide spectral range.

MAIN PROPERTIES:

Lattice constant (Е)	3.567
Density (g/cm³)	3.52
Thermal conductivity (W/cm·K)	20 ¸ 25
Dielectric constant	5.68
Emission wavelength, µm	0.23
Refractive index	2.41
Bandgap (eV)	5.47
Mobility (cm²/V·s)
Electrons	2500
Holes	2100
Saturation velocity (10⁷ cm/s)	2.7
Breakdown field (10⁷ V/cm)	2
Radiation resistance	very stable
Heat resistance (°C)	>1000
Hardness (Knoop), (GPa)	80
Energy to create e/h pair, (eV)	13,6

Diamonds are classified depending on the amount of nitrogen contained within material and whether it is held as an interstitial or substitutional defect.

type Ia	Nitrogen present up to levels of 4000¸4500 ppm (0.3 wt %), incorporated in interstitial sites or aggregates.
type Ib	500 ppm of nitrogen (0.06 wt %). Incorporated as substitutional point defects. Most of synthetic diamonds are of this type.
type IIa	Effectively free of nitrogen impurity. Very rare in nature, these diamonds have enhanced optical and thermal properties.
type IIb	Extremely rare in nature; p-type semiconductor due to boron defects.

Our activities are focused on development and small-batch production of components and devices based on IIa-type natural (ND) high-quality diamonds.

We offer high-technological diamond-based industrial and scietific products, including plates and windows with wide spectrum of parameters, as well as advanced optical and electronic diamond devices for the following applications:

Certified diamond substrates and plates for industrial and science applications with unique thermo, mechanical, optical, electric and radiation resistance parameters;
Wide choice of certified diamond windows and optical plates with wavelength range from 0.2 up to 100 microns;
Heat-spreaders and heat-conducting substrates with thermal conductivity up to 22W/cm x°C for high-power microwave devices and laser diodes, MCM for integrated circuits, etc.
“Solar-blind” UV-photodetectors with high spectral selectivity in the UV-range;
Advanced detectors of ionizing radiation (a,b- and γ- particles, heavy ions, X-ray) intended for science and industrial applications, including nuclear engineering, medicine, space applications, high energy physics, etc.;
Durable ultra-sharp diamond scalpels and diamond microinstruments for medical and industrial purposes.